Research paper on Libya Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On Libya - Research Paper Example The second occasion which denoted the Italian colonialization of Turkey was the improvement of the Fourth Shore. Mussolini needed to transform Libya into an Italian area and subsequently renamed it, Italy’s Fourth Shore. Changing Libya started with isolating it into four areas and putting vigorously into its transportation framework, water system innovation and crude material extraction industry. It at long last finished with the formation of the Libyan Colonization Society which advanced land recovery and employment creation for Italian pioneers. As World War II started, and Italy promised its faithfulness to Germany, Cyrenaican and Tripolitanian pioneers declared their help to the Allies drove by Sayid Idris. After an extreme war, Libya went under the Allied organization, in February 1943, which endured till 24th December 1951, when Libya turned into the primary nation to accomplish self-sufficiency through the United Nations. Headed by King Idris I, United Kingdom of Libya broadcasted its power as a protected and genetic government. Present Leader: The current leader of Libya is Mohammed el-Megarif, who is additionally the executive of the General National Congress. Current Political Context: 10 months in the wake of toppling Muammar Gaddafi’s authoritarian principle, Libya chose its new equitable government in August 2012, which was to be driven by Mohammed el-Megarif. While Mohammed el-Megarif spoke to the National Front Party, in the races, his rival Ali Zaidan, was an autonomous applicant. The two applicants had a lavish history of contradicting the oppressive Gaddafi and had been living in a state of banishment till his ongoing demise. For the individuals of Libya who had been tediously trusting that the bedlam and disturbance will end, this has come as a cry of alleviation. For some individuals, the political race process itself has been a freeing experience, having served under a tyrannical pioneer for such a long time. The fairly chosen government is upheld by people’s confidence in them and hosts an able bureau. Youth who framed a larger part of the democratic populace, were content with the political race results as they accepted that the National Forces Alliance would have the option to realize strategy changes in the working of Libya. The political decision results likewise talked a lot about the acknowledgment of strict belief systems among the overall population. The turmoil tired residents decided to avoid any competitor gunning a strict purposeful publicity and the outcomes advanced a reasonable and free government. In any case, the administration looks to set up itself amidst the progressing unrest and in the endeavor to learn harmony and solidness; it needs to win people’s regard by giving them security both physical and material, simultaneously unite restricting powers of the civilian army to manufacture a more grounded base. Financial aspects and Art/Culture Sub-Heading: Libya †Holde r of biggest oil saves in Africa Currency: Libyan Dinar (LYD) Major Economic Features: Libya holds Africa’s biggest oil saves and thus, its significant items are raw petroleum, gaseous petrol and refined oil based goods. The nation spins around its vitality division since poor soil and unsatisfactory climatic conditions limit the yield that is picked up from farming. As per CIA’s World Factbook, â€Å"95% of fare profit, 80% of GDP, and 99% of government revenue†

Bucket Baby vs the Climber free essay sample

The explanation the trees make them sprightly. As the proprietor of a little tree administration I have needed to assess whether to buy an ethereal lift basin truck to aid the tree cutting and evacuation process or to adhere to old strategies, for example, climbing. A great many people have affectionate recollections of climbing trees as little youngsters. â€Å"Learning to securely climb a tree is much more required than essentially seeing some tough looking branches that appear as though they could hold your weight as you scramble to the top. (Toothman) However, expertly climbing a tree to trim or evacuate branches can be a genuinely startling encounter that can be truly debilitating. Then again working an airborne lift might be alarming, However , not genuinely debilitating. The usage of an elevated lift will expand profitability by diminishing climber inclusion and expanding organization spirit. An old axiom states Many hands make light work. We will compose a custom article test on Basin Baby versus the Climber or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Ammer) In life this remains constant, however in common sense it isn't generally the most effective strategy. By buying an airborne lift and utilizing it in my everyday tree cutting and tree expulsion activities, I could accomplish crafted by ten climbers utilizing one hundred ropes in a fraction of the time. Without a doubt, my expense of activity would increment, however with extraordinary hazard comes incredible prizes. As I expressed before my capacity to finish the work would increment generously bringing about a higher overall revenue. If I somehow managed to scale a tree extending in statures of one hundred feet besides, I would need to finish an assortment of steps. First I would need to amass all my rigging. At that point join every one of my utensils to my climbing saddle, before climbing the tree. Next set a work line in an ideal area to cut off appendages. After this I should decide mass heap of branches that I will be cutting off. At that point I should assess pivot focuses and branch swinging leeway. There is a long procedure to climbing trees expertly. If I somehow managed to chip away at a similar tree utilizing an aeronautical lift, I would drive up to it with the bucket,set up the lift in a fitting area to get to the tree adequately, hop in the can, oom up to the top with my cutting tool and ropes, compute swing separation, pivot focuses, mass burden, and start cutting. The hypothesis is essentially the equivalent however the strategy is unique, By using the two specialties of climbing and the can, the general productivity of the activities will increment. The following significant piece to look at is the manner by which included an individual must be in the tree administration industry. Envision a tree climber working for a tree evacuation administration, climbing a tree around ninety feet noticeable all around thirty feet out on a branch. Being solicited to remove the end from that branch while swinging from the side holding a force cutting apparatus. Likewise this branch is situated over a house. The branch is just joined to a rope, when it falls the fierce here and there development happens with the laborer despite everything dangling. By isolating the climber from the tree and placing that climber in an airborne lift it reduces the threat introduced to the climber in the general cutting and expulsion process. It could be contended that by isolating the climber from the tree the general nature of the tree work may decay. In any case, this issue could be settled just by mindfulness. By organizing organization gatherings to address issues before they emerge, one can assume responsibility for the likelihood of a result. There are an assortment of motivating forces that one can actualize to raise organization moral. Remunerating a representative with a reasonable pay for a difficult activity it causes them to feel regarded; by compensating a worker with a bit of hardware that makes a difficult activity simpler at the equivalent time-based compensation thusly causes them to feel thought about. The acquisition of a basin truck would achieve organization objectives, and move away from â€Å"the one-fellow and-truck kind of business that rule the industry†. mastrull) By diminishing climber association while expanding generally speaking effectiveness and benefit margins,the organization will pick up progress bringing about higher wages and better advantages for workers. As the organization develops increasingly effective its capacity to protect the prosperity of its colleagues. Accordingly the worker increases a more prominent feeling of achievement and pride in their work. At the point when an individual preferences what they are doing, they can do it throughout the day with a grin on their countenances. When everything runs easily and everybody is glad the general organization spirit will be helped. Again bringing about expanded profitability, productivity and nature of work. Claiming a little organization is an overwhelming endeavor, I am continually making penances and committing the greater part of my consideration the business. In all my investigating and reflection it makes sense that the acquisition of an aeronautical lift can truck for my organization would be an astute speculation that would pay for itself inside a brief timeframe outline. The usage of an ethereal lift in the tree cutting and expelling procedure will expand profitability by diminishing climber association and expanding organization confidence.

Tuition Fees Early Repayment Fines Abandoned

Tuition Fees Early Repayment Fines Abandoned The OE Blog In yet another U-turn on higher education policy, the coalition government has announced plans this week to abandon fines on graduates paying back their loans early under the new tuition fees system. Under the original scheme, after tuition fees had increased to £9000 per year, students paying off their loans early by returning higher than the minimum contribution per month would have been penalised by extra charges of up to 5%. Old Evidence The initial reasoning given was that this would prevent rich graduates from unfairly avoiding large sums of interest by quickly paying off their loans. But the plans have now been abandoned; amidst government claims that it has been revealed that the penalties would actually have hit conscientious, middle-income workers, as it is in fact those earning only around £18,000 who are most likely to try to pay off their loans early. So far, so good. But the evidence on which this decision is apparently based comes from a report produced by think tank Centre Forum; a study on which we reported on 9th September last year, around the time the government was creating its tuition fees policy in the first place! As we reported at the time, prominent protesters and opposition figures were already vocally pointing out the results of the Centre Forum study, so if it were to have an impact on the decision to impose early-repayment penalties, it surely would have done so at the time. This clearly indicates that the government has now decided to abandon repayment penalties for its own reasons, but is trying to use the report to increase public approval for its actions by implying that the decision is being made for the good of the middle-income earner. A Conservative Policy in Disguise Whilst the Centre Forum report pinpoints the median annual income of graduates trying to pay off their loans early at £18,400, this does not take into account family finances. So whilst the graduates themselves may be earning only a modest salary, it is still highly likely that many of those paying off their loans early might be receiving assistance from wealthy parents. This was heavily implied by University and Colleges Union secretary Sally Hunt, who angrily labelled the news “yet another policy designed to make life easier for the wealthiest in our society.” A Helping Hand for the Rich Another aspect not taken into account by the Centre Forum study is the profession of those paying off their loans early. Under the new system, the interest payable on student loan repayments will rise in accordance with graduate income. So a city banker whose wages will eventually soar to enormous figures would be very likely to try to pay off his student loan early during the first few years of employment whilst his income would still fall into the modest bracket described by the study. He would still then be avoiding steep rises in interest due later on when his salary increased. It is a mistake to over-simplify the situation by assuming that the £18,400 salary indicated by the study is a steady figure rather than an early point on a steeply increasing income curve. A worker on an income of £18,400 is much more likely to start contributing substantial early repayment sums if they are able to do so in the confidence that their salary is set to comfortably increase in the near futu re than one whose salary is likely to stay at that level for good. Political Horse-Trading So it seems likely that the Centre Forum report is being used as a smokescreen to make a conservative policy more palatable to a struggling public. Then what is the real reason behind the government’s U-turn on early loan repayments? Well, it was the Liberal Democrats, led by Vince Cable, who were initially so keen to impose the early repayment to penalise the rich if they tried to unfairly shrug off the full level of loan repayments. So it cannot be a coincidence that the withdrawal of the policy has come in the same week that the Conservatives have performed a reluctant U-turn on their veto of the appointment of Les Ebdon as the new director of OFFA, the university watchdog. Whilst Ebdon’s appointment will undoubtedly be welcomed by equal access campaigners, those with concerns over the government’s handling of higher education will hardly be reassured by the coalition’s apparently political horse-trading of policies.

Informative Speech Clueless Communication - 3212 Words

CLUELESS COMMUNICATION 1 Running head: Clueless Communication CLUELESS COMMUNICATION A review of how to effectively communicate in the workplace Marjorie Mundy Pfeiffer University-Charlotte Campus Author Note This paper was prepared for Organizational Communications MBA 701/M02, taught by Dr. Susan Luck. ABSTRACT This review will look at two different forms of communications that assists the leader in conveying a particular message. Additionally, ensuring that the objectives are clearly defined from the source (sender) and understood by the receiver. Communication in the workplace is vital to an organization s success. It allows for the exchange of information to be utilized within the workplace environment. This exchange of information relays various forms of data that contain information essential to everyday functionality. Communication itself contains two important aspects: 1) the information being relayed and received and 2) the outcome that it yields based on the message transferred. Some of the common objectives of official communication are to send and receive information, to receive or give instruction, advice, suggestions, and requests, and to persuade others. People who are in leadership are charged with the responsibility of holding a team together, and communicating to their members the objective of the task or the assignment they are aiming to complete. CLUELESS THESIS The data transferred inShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Clueless Communication 2956 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: Clueless Communication 1 CLUELESS COMMUNICATION A review of how to effectively communicate in the workplace Marjorie Mundy Pfeiffer University-Charlotte Campus Author Note This paper was prepared for Organizational Communications MBA 701/M02, taught by Dr. Susan Luck. CLUELESS COMMUNICATION 2 Abstract Communication in the workplace is vital to an organization s success. These messages are information that contain data on which the conductRead MoreThe Spectrum Of Autism Spectrum Disorders Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pagesto the book Exceptional Learners: An Introduction to Special Education by Hallahan, Kauffman, and Pullen is â€Å"a disability wherein symptom fall on a continuum from relatively mild to severe; DSM-5 divides them into two general domains: ‘social communication impairment’ and ‘repetitive restricted behaviors.’† A child that is diagnosed with autism will be assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, also referred to as DSM-5 (Hallahan et. al, 2015,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesGaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 Combined Index

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Sub Saharan Africa Food Insecurity Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(77) " be fed as an input in IMAGE theoretical account or AEZ theoretical account\." An Integrated Assessment and Policy Needs Identification Abstract The survey aims to supply in-depth analysis of nutrient security in SSA in a changing clime, by incorporating socio-economic factors into scenario analysis. Furthermore, particular accent will be placed on the regional security issues. The first aim is of the research is to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security, while the 2nd purpose is to place the key policy needs that should be considered in version schemes. We will write a custom essay sample on Sub Saharan Africa Food Insecurity Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Climate alteration scenarios will be simulated utilizing HadCM3 theoretical account. Two scenarios will be examined: â€Å" worst instance † ( 1 % CO2 addition per annum ) and â€Å" best instance ‘ ( 0.5 % CO2 addition per annum ) . The projections of agricultural productiveness will be assessed with IMAGE or AEZ theoretical accounts. Once the land-use and harvest simulation theoretical accounts are run, the estimated alteration of crop-yields will be fed into IMPACT and BLS theoretical accounts in order to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security and hazard of hungriness. The interaction between the two theoretical accounts will capture the cross-cutting drivers for nutrient insecurity in the part. As a concluding measure, the survey will supply socio-economic and political tendencies analysis with chief methods: literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and analysis, arrested development analysis. The overall result of the survey will be de signation of the policy needs that rise consciousness, with pertinence in explicating version schemes. Keywords: agribusiness, clime alteration, estimable general equilibrium, nutrient security, integrated appraisal, malnutrition, partial equilibrium, hazard of hungriness, sub-Saharan Africa.1. Introduction The impact of clime alteration on nutrient security is important for developing states. Sub-Saharan Africa ( SSA ) is one of the most vulnerable parts in the universe, due to the high degrees of nutrient insecurity as a consequence of socio-economic, political and environmental force per unit areas. Harmonizing to FAO/ WFP 2010 study 1 SSA is on the 2nd topographic point ( after Asia ) in the universe in footings of figure of ill-fed people ( 239 million people ) . However, on the first topographic point in footings of per centum undernourished of the entire population ( 30 % ill-fed ) . Recent projections for future clime alteration in SSA dismay that the land with suitableness for harvest cultivation will worsen and the land with wet emphasis will increase ( e.g. Fischer, 2005 ; FAO, 2009 ) . At the same clip, the part is characterized with agriculture-driven economic system, whereas the low GDP and weak institutional constructions are barriers for technological development of the agricultural sector. 2. Problem Statement and Aim of the Study Recently, research workers have produced a figure of of import surveies analyzing the impact of clime alteration on harvests productiveness ( e.g. Betts, 2005 ; Challinor 2009 ) and agricultural sector ( e.g. Parry, 2004 ; Fischer, 2005 ) . Those documents present assorted patterning models for regional and planetary appraisal of the impact of clime alteration on agribusiness and the hazard of hungriness. Furthermore, several surveies examine SSA regional scenarios for future tendencies of nutrient demand ( based on the future population and income projections ) , nutrient supply ( based on agricultural productiveness and trade ) , land usage displacements and future clime conditions ( e.g. AIACC, 2006 ; Challinor, 2011 ) . However, most surveies capture chiefly harvest production ( agricultural sector ) and pay small attending to the whole nutr ient system, i.e. nutrient handiness, nutrient entree and nutrient use ( Ingram, 2005 ) . Therefore, in order to supply overall policy deductions for accomplishing nutrient security in a changing clime, we should see the drivers for nutrient insecurity in SSA, such as poorness, deficiency of instruction, hapless market entree, unemployment, failures in belongings rights ( Scholes and Biggs, 2004 ; Ingram, 2005 ) . 1 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010, FAO/ WFP Following the logic of the above statements, this survey aims to supply in-depth analysis of nutrient security in SSA in a changing clime, by incorporating socioeconomics factors into scenario analysis. Furthermore, particular accent will be placed on the regional security issues, such as migration and urbanisation, delicate provinces and struggles, refugee crises, HIV/ AIDS. 3. Aims of the Study and Research Questions The survey will near two chief issues. The first aim is to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security. In this regard the research paper will discourse the undermentioned inquiries: – What is the environmental position and future clime conditions in SSA? – Which are the cardinal socio-economic force per unit areas in SSA that should be integrated in the appraisal of clime alteration impact on nutrient security? – What is the impact of clime alteration on nutrient insecurity and hungriness in SSA ( assessed by incorporating future tendencies of socio-economic conditions ) ? The 2nd aim is to place the key policy needs that should be considered in version schemes. In this context, the following set of research inquiries is: – What are the barriers and chances for version in SSA? -Which are the policy needs for nutrient security in the altering clime of SSA? -Which socio-economic and political conditions should be addressed in clime alteration – nutrient security policy models, based on the projections of future tendencies? 4. Sc ientific Methods n order to turn to the first set of research inquiries ( first aim ) , I will utilize he following research methods and instruments. 4.1. Climate Variability and Climate Change in SSA gt ; Climate variableness – ( I ) calculation of indices for variableness in monthly lower limit and maximal temperature ; monthly rainfall ; ( two ) linear graphs for one-year alterations ; ( three ) arrested development analysis of long term trends2. gt ; Climate alteration scenarios Tools and method: General Circulation Models utilizing statistical downscaling Model: HadCM3 ( coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation theoretical account ) Datas: extracted from IPCC 2002 Period: 1961-1990 ; 2010-2039 ; 2040-2069 ; 2070-2099 Base-line clime: 1961-1990 ( Fischer, 2005 ) Scenarios: SRES A1F1 and A2 ( â€Å" worst instance † = 1 % CO2 addition per annum ; 855 ppm ) and SRES B1 and A1T ( â€Å" best instance ‘ = 0.5 % CO2 addition per annum ; 560 ppm ) ( e.g. Fisher, 2005 ; AIACC, 2006 ) .The comparing between the two scenarios will turn to the uncertainties3. End product: projected degrees of future CO2 ; precipitation ; temperature The end product from HadCM3 will be fed as an input in IMAGE theoretical account or AEZ theoretical account. You read "Sub Saharan Africa Food Insecurity Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Both theoretical accounts provide land-use displacements and harvests fertilisation effects from the informations obtained with HadCM3. 4.2. Food Security Impact Assessment Once the land-use and harvest simulation theoretical accounts are run, the estimated alteration of crop-yields will be fed into IMPACT ( partial-equilibrium theoretical account ) and BLS ( general equilibrium theoretical account ) in order to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security and hazard of hungriness. The interaction between the two theoretical accounts is necessary to capture the drivers for nutrient insecurity in the part. Table 1. outlines how the two theoretical accounts correspond to the socio-economic force per unit areas in the clime alteration – nutrient security impact appraisal analysis. 2, 3 Methodology used by James Adejuwon, 2006. A Concluding Report Submitted to Appraisals of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change ( AIACC ) , Project No. AF 23 Table 1. Models specification IMPACT Model BLS Model Partial-equilibrium theoretical account with focal point on agricultural sector, H 2O, nutrient supply and demand. It tends to hold more item than genral equlibium theoretical accounts General equlibrium theoretical accounts take into history the linkages between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The theoretical account represents all economic sectors with through empirical observation estimated parametric quantities. States are linked through trade, universe market monetary values and financies Agricultural productiveness ( exogenic ) Agricultural productiveness and clime ( exogenic ) gt ; agricultural production and trade ( edogenous ) gt ; agricultural production and trade ( edogenous ) gt ; GDP ( exogenic ) ; monetary values and trade ( endogenous ) gt ; GDP, monetary values and trade ( endogenous ) Allows calculation of per capita KCAL, in peculiar kid malnutrition. Allows calculation of figure of people at hazard of hungriness as a portion of undernourished in the entire population. The per centum of malnourished kids is a map of: mean per capit a Calorie ingestion, female secondary instruction, the quality of maternal and child attention, wellness and sanitation. Thus the theoretical account gaining control broad assortment of societal issues. The estimations are based on: 1 ) SRES scenarios projected income and population degrees and their distribution ; 2 ) ratio of the mean national nutrient supply ( including imports ) Population and GDP ( exogenic ) Population ( exogenic ) ; GDP ( endogenous ) Population projections captures rural-urban kineticss There are regional group theoretical accounts wich capture the economic constructions of a figure of African states by grouping them into: oil exporters, low income nutrient importers and exporters, average income nutrient importers and exporters. 3.2. nutrient entree ( affordability – income, monetary values ; allotment ) 3.3. nutrient use ( nutrition ) 4. Socio-economic factors ( population, GDP ) 1.Model type 3. Food systems constituents captured by the theoretical accounts ( endogenous and exogenic variables ) : 3.1.food handiness ( agricultural production, trade, imports ) 2. Climate related drivers The appraisal will be built on multiple plot line attack ( e.g. Fisher, 2005 ) : Figure 1. Multiple storyline attack 4.3. Socio-economic and political force per unit areas analysis – the chief activities which will be conducted are: literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and analysis, arrested development analysis. gt ; Economic construction of the SSA states – descriptive analysis will be provided gt ; Population projections in SSA – the survey will show current demographic tendencies and future projections, based on informations extracted from IIASA. The particular accent will be on migration and urbanisation, HIV/ AIDS, every bit good as educational degrees. Climate alteration induced migration will be discussed. This analysis is closely linked to climate alteration – nutrient security analytical model, since demographic tendencies are strongly correlated with environment and nutrient security. gt ; Income distribution and nutrient demand trends – income degrees change the consumers ‘ penchants for nutrient. As good income distribution and inequalities between states have important impact on nutrient demand ( e.g. Cirera and Masset, 2010 ) . Therefore this issue will be addressed, taking into consideration the findings of this survey every bit good as Gini coefficients for the part. gt ; Poverty degrees and unemployment tendencies – descriptive analysis gt ; Political stableness – descriptive analysis on past and present struggles ; hazards of new eruptions ; refugee crisis gt ; Property rights – descriptive analysis of rural economic conditions gt ; Poor market entree – descriptive analysis of market engagement Current clime variableness, nutrient security and socioeconomic conditions Socio-economic development and nutrient security wi th clime variableness ( no alteration ) – baseline simulation Socio-economic development and nutrient security with clime alteration ( â€Å" best instance † scenario ) Socio-economic development and nutrient security with clime alteration ( â€Å" worst instance † scenario ) 5. Significance of the survey The chief parts of this thesis are expected to be: – Designation of relevant clime variables, tendencies and projections ( temperature, precipitation, turning season, land-use alterations ) and appraisal of clime alteration impact on harvest outputs – Designation of the cardinal socio-economic factors in the analysis of the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security in the context of SSA – Appraisal of the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security utilizing partialequilibrium and general equilibrium theoretical accounts – Projection and spacial distribution of people at hazard of hungriness in SSA – Appraisal of the socio-economic and political tendencies, closely related to nutrient security and clime alteration – Designation of barriers and chances for version – Designation of the policy needs that rise consciousness, with pertinence in explicating version schemes Figure 2. Applicability of the survey in Adaptation Policy Frameworks Adaptation Policy Frameworks ( APF ) for Climate Change ( Developed by UNDP ) 1. Scoping and planing an version undertaking 2. Measuring current exposure: Current clime hazards ; Socio-economic conditions ; Adaptation baseline ; Climate change exposure 3. Measuring future clime hazards: Climate tendencies ; Socio-economic tendencies ; Natural resource and environment tendencies ; Adaptation barriers and chances 4. Explicating an Adaptation Strategy 5. Monitoring and Evaluation Policy Development Integrated Assessment Applicability of the survey 6. Restrictions and Uncertainties There are three types of restrictions and uncertainnesss in incorporate assessment – proficient ( â€Å" quality of informations available † ) , methodological ( â€Å" deficiency of sufficient cognition to make an equal theoretical account † ) and epistemic ( e.g. human behaviour, entropy of nature ) ( Reilly and Willenbockel, 2010 ) . The survey will foreground those uncertainnesss and will utilize multiple plot line attack in order to turn to them. Bibliography: Adejuwon J. 2006 Food Security, Climate Variability and Climate Change in Sub Saharan West Africa. Final Report Submitted to Appraisals of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change ( AIACC ) , Project No. AF 23. Betts R. 2005 Integrated attacks to climate-crop modeling: demands and challenges. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2049-2065. Betts R. , Gornall J. , Burke E. , Clark R. , Camp J, Willett K. A ; Wiltshire A. 2010 Implications of clime alteration for agricultural productiveness in the early 21st century. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2973-2989. Bouwman A. , Kr am T. A ; Goldewijk K. 2006 Integrated modeling of planetary environmental alteration: An overview of IMAGE 2.4. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency ( MNP ) , Bilthoven, October 2006. MNP publication figure 500110002/2006. Challinor, A. J. , Ewert, F. , Arnold, S. , Simelton, E. A ; Fraser, E. 2009 Crops and climate alteration: advancement, tendencies, and challenges in imitating impacts and informing version. J. Exp. Bot. 60, 2775-2789. Challinor, A. J. , Thornton P. , Jones P. A ; Eriksen P. 2011 Agriculture and nutrient systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4 A °C+ universe. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011 369, 117-136. Challinor, A. J. , Wheeler, T. , Garforth, C. , Craufurd, P. A ; Kassam, A. 2007 Measuring the exposure of nutrient harvest systems in Africa to climate alteration. Clim. Change 83, 381-399. Cirera X. A ; Masset E. 2010. Income distribution tendencies and future nutrient demand. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2821-2834. FAO. 2009 Climate Change and Food Security. A Framework Document ( www.fao.org/forestry/15538-079b31d45081fe9c3dbc6ff34de4807e4.pdf ) . FAO/ WFP 2010 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fischer G, new wave Velthuizen, H. , Shah, M. A ; Tubiello F. 2005, Socio-economic and climate alteration impacts on agribusiness: an incorporate appraisal, 1990 -2080 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2067-2083. Fischer, G. , Frohberg, K. , Keyzer, M. A. A ; Parikh, K. S. 1988 Linked national theoretical accounts: a tool for international policy analysis. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. Fischer, G. , Shah, M. , A ; van Velthuizen, H. 2002b Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability, Special Report to the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development. Johannesburg 2002. Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA. IEG World Bank. 2007 Disasters, Climate Change, and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons and Future Directions. Evaluation Brief 3. IFPRI. 200 8 International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade ( IMPACT ) : Model Description. Ingram J. , Gregory P. A ; Brklacich M. 2005 Climate alteration and nutrient security. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2139-2148. IPCC 2000 Summary for policymakers, emanations scenarios. A Particular Report of IPCC Working Group III, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. utz W. Samir KC. 2010 Dimensions of planetary population projections: what do we cognize about future population tendencies and constructions? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2779- 2791. Parry M. , Rosenzweig C. A ; Livermore M. 2005, Climate alteration, planetary nutrient supply and hazard of hungriness. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2125-2138. Parry, M. L. , Rosenzweig, C. , Iglesias, A. , Livermore, M. A ; Fischer, G. 2004 Effects of clime alteration on planetary nutrient production under SRES emanations and socio-economic scenarios. Global Enviro n. Change 14, 53-67. Raleigh C. , Jordan L. and Salehyan I. Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict. The World Bank Group. Reilly M. A ; Willenbockel D. 2010 Managing uncertainness: a reappraisal of nutrient system scenario analysis and mold. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 3049-3063. Satterthwaite D. , McGranahan G. A ; Tacoli C. 2010 Urbanization and its deductions for nutrient and agriculture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2809-2820. Scholes, R. J. A ; Biggs, R. 2004 Ecosystem services in Southern Africa: a regional appraisal. Pretoria, South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Stern N. 2006 Stern Review on the Economicss of Climate Change. Prepared for HM Treasury, Cabinet Office. UNDP, Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change. ( available at: www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt/apf.html ) How to cite Sub Saharan Africa Food Insecurity Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Recruitment Challenges In Hospitality Industry †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment Challenges In Hospitality Industry. Answer: Introduction The human resource management is playing an essential role in the recruitment and selection process. Apart from that, the HR managers of the hospitality industry need to recognise the potentiality of candidates during the interview process. Besides that, the aim of this report is to analyse the challenges faced by the hospitality industry during or after a selection process. Moreover, in this report, some major key challenges for recruiting in hospitality will be discussed through proper argument and justification. Besides that, how the HR manager reduces the impact of occurred challenges that also discussed through valid recommendation and evidence. On the other hand, the recruitment process needs to be perfect for organizational long-term sustainability (Hesselbein, Goldsmith and Beckhard, 2006). Impact of recruitment system on hospitality industry The hospitality industry is rapidly increased, and the customers want more services from the management of the hospitality industry (Hesselbein, Goldsmith and Beckhard, 2006). Besides that, the recruitment and selection process is the only way to appoint more efficient and skilled employees in the hospitality sector. The recruitment process of the hospitality industry includes some critical documentation such as job description, job title, and job design and person specification. Each and every document is required for successful recruitment and selection process. Apart from that, the job description includes detailed information about the job which needs to be performed by the candidates (Lowe, 2009). Besides that, the applicant can get a clear idea about the job through job title or position in the organization. Along with that, the person specification is one of the significant element or document of the recruitment procedure which includes all required information filled by the a pplicant. In other words, the applicant can get all job-related information through person specification document. On the other hand, the hospitality industry requires various types of employees for different types of position, for example, front desk job or reception, cooking staffs, food and beverages and customer service. In other words, the management of hospitality industry requires skilled and efficient employees for a different level (Mathis et al., 2007). Along with that, with the help of proper and accurate recruitment process, the hospitality industry can increase the relationship with the customers and level of customer satisfaction will also be increased. In addition, the management of the hospitality industry needs to focus on the required activity to perform jobs at a different level. Besides that, in the top management highly skilled and experienced employees are required who can lead the organization towards success. Along with this, the hospitality industry requires a supervisor who should observe and notice employees activity (Vroom, 2000). In order to appoint a manager, the hum an resource department needs to analyse the background information of the applicant. In addition, many staffs are required for customer care and service purpose in the hospitality industry. The HR managers should judge the qualities of the applicant which are essential for the customer service during the interview process (William, 2000). For example, language skills, confidence and physical strength are essential requirements of the lower staffs position in the hospitality industry. Apart from that, the management of the hospitality industry requires good looking, smart and intelligent employees at the front desk. Along with that, most of the customers make enquiry at the front desk, and the representative should have the ability to provide valid and positive answers to the customers. Room service is an important part of the hospitality industry because the customers always prefer and want high-class room service. In addition, in order to satisfy the customers, the management of th e hospitality industry needs to appoint sensible and qualified applicant who able to meet desired requirements of the customers (Schmidgall, 2009). In other words, with the help of effective contribution of the newly appointed skilled employee, the level of customer satisfaction can be improved and increase of the hospitality industry. Challenges for recruitment in hospitality industry There are many challenges occur in the process of recruitment of the hospitality industry. Along with that, the HR managers of hospitality needs to focus on few but significant challenges such as communication issue, sex discrimination issue, ethical issues, cultural diversity and training issue(Madanoglu and Martin, 2003). Besides that, the management of the hospitality industry can reduce the impact of those above-mentioned challenges by improving recruitment process. Moreover, every single challenge which faced by hospitality industry during recruitment process are discussed below: Communication issue: the langue is one of the significant challenges of the recruitment process. The HR manager of the hospitality industry needs to focus on the communication segment in order to avoid the langue related challenges(Madanoglu and Martin, 2003). Besides that, the management of the hospitality industry needs to appoint a trainer who will interpret the discussion between two individuals. On the other hand, the cultural background of the applicants is one of the major cause for communication gap. Besides that, the HR managers need to motivate and understand the language issue during the recruitment process. Moreover, the HR manager of the hospitality industry needs to appoint good trainer who will provide communication class to newly recruited employees(Pizam, 2006). Sex discrimination issue: According to sex discrimination act, the HR managers should provide equal opportunity to both male and female applicant. In other words, the HR managers should not underestimate the female employees because sometimes the female employees became more useful for the hospitality industry. For example front desk for customer greetings. In other words, the female receptionist can physiologically attract male customers(Pizam, 2006). Besides that, women also have equal ability and confidence by which they can stand by against men. Moreover, sometimes HR managers prefer male room service staff rather than female room service staff due to sexual harassment issue which is a significant challenge for the hospitality industry. In other words, this types of Phycology also define an ethical challenge of the hospitality industry. Ethical issues: according to the employment agreement, the hospitality industry should be responsible for any accident in working hours or shift. In other words, it is the responsibility of the management of the hospitality industry to provide a healthy environment to their employees(Bonn and Forbringer, 2001). Along with that, the management of the hospitality industry should also focus on the health and safety issue which also affect the recruitment process of the hospitality industry. On the other hand, the HR managers of the hospitality industry need to carefully analyse the interpersonal skills of preferred candidates by influential people. In other words, the HR managers should provide equal opportunity to each applicant to prove ability and talent. Moreover, it is an ethical responsibility of the human resource management of the hospitality industry to give same chance general and recommended applicant(O'Halloran, Jarvis and Allen-Chabot, 2006). Cultural diversity: the cultural diversity is one of the significant challenges of the recruitment and selection process of the hospitality industry. The applicant who applies for vacant positions in the hospitality industry is usually belonged from three segments such as local employees, federal employees and international executives(O'Halloran, Jarvis and Allen-Chabot, 2006). Along with that, the management of hospitality industry always prefers local employees for middle and low-level position jobs such as manager and room service staffs. Apart from that, a conflict can arises due to cultural diversity between employees who had been recruited by the human resource department of the hospitality industry. Moreover, the HR managers of the hospitality industry need to appoint room service staffs and managers carefully. Training issue: In order to improve the interpersonal skills and abilities to newly selected employees, the management of the hospitality industry should provide effective training. Besides that, the HR managers should focus on the job specification and person specification documents during the interview process to determine previous job experience of the applicant(Miller and Walker, 2009). On the other hand, with the help of past job experience, the management of the hospitality industry can determine the training needs of the employees who would be selected through the recruitment process. Along with that, training needs recognition is one of the major responsibility of the HR managers of the hospitality industry which can help the trainer to provide required training to the employees of the hospitality industry. Challenges for different level The hospitality industry includes various levels which require individual skills and talents to perform the job. In other words, front desk jobs need highly confident, sensible and smart people who can easily resolve the query of the customers(Miller and Walker, 2009). Besides that, some critical positions of the hospitality industry are discussed below; Front desk job challenges: the HR managers needs to appoint the employees who can manage to communicate with customers. In other words, effective and productive communication skill is required for the position of a receptionist in the hospitality industry. In addition, the management needs to appoint highly skilled and intelligent people for front desk jobs who can meet customer requirement through impressive communication skills(Chen, 2013). Food and beverages: the pantry department also required the skilled and experienced chef who should control and manage kitchen segment of the hospitality industry. In other words, the HR managers should only recruit experienced chef by which the food quality can be improved(Chen, 2013). Besides that, the servicing staffs are also an important part of the organizational brand value. Also, to maintain high-quality customer service, the management of the hospitality industry needs to appoint well-behaved employees who able to satisfy a customer by the attractive and impressive table or room service. Room service/ cleaning: the level customer satisfaction of hospitality industry is depended on the room service and room cleaning service. In other words, the HR managers need to appoint hard working and dedicated employees who seek for money for room cleaning segment. On the other hand, room service is also an important part of the hospitality industry by which the customer get satisfaction. In other sense, the customers of the hospitality industry can be retained through high-class room service quality(Hudson, 2009). Recommendation The HR managers should focus on the job specification and person specification documents during the interview process to determine previous job experience and qualification of the applicant. Apart from that, the HR managers of the hospitality industry need to recognise the potentiality of candidates during the interview process by asking smart questions regarding customer service. Like this, the HR managers of the hospitality industry needs to carefully analyse the interpersonal skills of the applicant. Along with that, the management of the hospitality industry should also focus on the health and safety issue which also effect the hospitality industrys empowerment. In other words, the HR managers should only recruit experienced chef by which the food quality can be improved. Besides that, the servicing staffs are also an important part of the organizational brand value(Hudson, 2009). Conclusion The HR managers should provide equal opportunity to both male and female applicant according to Sex Discrimination Act (1984). In addition, the management of the hospitality industry needs to focus on the required abilities to perform jobs in a different level. In addition, the HR managers need to appoint the employees who can manage to communicate with customers after getting training in future. In addition, the HR managers should judge the qualities of the applicant which are essential for the customer service during the interview process. Moreover, the management of the hospitality industry needs to appoint a trainer who will interpret the discussion between two individuals. The HR managers need to motivate and understand the language issue during the training process. In order to improve the interpersonal skills and abilities of a newly selected employee, the management of the hospitality industry should provide effective communication training as well. References Bonn, M. and Forbringer, L. (2001). Reducing turnover in the hospitality industry: an overview of recruitment, selection and retention.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 11(1), pp.47-63. Chen, J. (2013).Advances in hospitality and leisure. 1st ed. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Hesselbein, F., Goldsmith, M. and Beckhard, R. (2006).The organization of the future. 1st ed. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Hudson, S. (2009).Customer service for hospitality. 1st ed. Lowe, T. (2009).Get motivated!. 1st ed. New York: Doubleday. Madanoglu, M. and Martin, L. (2003). Recruitment of International Students to U.S. Hospitality Graduate Programs: Students' Perceptions.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Education, 15(4), pp.43-49. Mathis, R., Jackson, J., Valentine, S. and Meglich, P. (2007).Human resource management. 1st ed. Miller, J. and Walker, J. (2009).Supervision in the hospitality industry. 1st ed. O'Halloran, R., Jarvis, K. and Allen-Chabot, A. (2006).Cases in hospitality management. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Pizam, A. (2006).International encyclopedia of hospitality management. 1st ed. Schmidgall, R. (2009).Hospitality industry managerial accounting. 1st ed. Vroom, V. (2000).Work and motivation. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. William, J. (2000).Franchising hospitality services. 1st ed. Oxford: Butterworth/Heinmann.

Resources Worksheet free essay sample

Worksheet Student resources include a variety of helpful sites and tools that can be of assistance when completing assignments, connecting to other students, and searching for careers. Complete this table regarding student resources provided by the university. In the first column, identify where the resource can be found. In the second column, summarize each resource in at least one sentence. When you are finished with the matrix, answer the follow-up question in part B. Part A: Resources Scavenger Hunt Student resource Where found Summary of the resourceSyllabus Course Materials It lets u no what, when, and where your work has to be done Class Policies Main Forums Tell about attendance and participation University Library Library Allows you to search for articles University Academic Catalog Program/My Programs Tells the most current academic programs and policies University Learning Goals Course Outline Helps on goal setting Life Resource Center Quick Links provides you free, confidential 24/7 online and telephonic support through a variety of services. We will write a custom essay sample on Resources Worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Phoenix Career Services resource to help you identify and prepare for success in the career that fits o best.

International Trade Policies of Campaign 2000 essays

International Trade Policies of Campaign 2000 essays Although international trade policy has not been one of the major points of debate in this years presidential race, determining the role which the United States will play in the rapidly expanding global market will be a fundamental issue for the next administration. The next president will be forced to deal with a number of important, and in many cases delicate problems, that may change the direction of international trade for the next century. Among these, is the acceptance of China into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The United States has taken a leading role in pushing for the admittance of China into the WTO, but there have been technical problems, preventing the deal from being closed. Of concern also, will be the demands of developing nations, who wish to reach a more equitable trading relationship with the industrialized countries. (Economist) It will be the responsibility of the next president to find working solutions to these dilemmas. The two major party candidates this election cycle are Republican Governor George W. Bush of Texas and Democratic Vice President Al Gore. The two share similar positions within some aspects of foreign trade policy, but differ significantly on others. II. International Trade Policy of Vice President Al Gore Vice President Gore is an advocate of free trade. His support for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which created an open market system between Canada, Mexico and the United States, was the key reason it was passed into law on January 1, 1994 (North American Free Trade Agreement). He believes that open markets spur technological innovation on a worldwide scale, and create tremendous growth and job opportunities domestically (Voter). In a speech delivered to the Washington Council on International Trade, Vice President Gore remarked that foreign barriers to trade hurt the people they were intended to protect, at the cost of American jobs. An exa...

Small Business Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Small Business Appraisal - Essay Example However, there have been a number of Indian start ups in the domain, with quite a few bigger Indian business houses too throwing their hat in the fray. One of the most prominent start ups in foods and services retailing domain is Lite Bite Foods (LBF). LBF operates in the high growth segment of Quick Dining Restaurants (QDR) and Quick Restaurants (QR). It was founded by a group of High Networth Individuals and industry professionals, and has been funded by an Institutional Venture Capital firm. The firm has entered into strategic tie ups with a number of well known food brands, and is presently in the roll out phase. As per the company website, it already about half million square feet of retailing space under is management and is aggressively looking at adding more space. This small business was started to cater the need for fast food in Indian population. In the given project, the business as well as management of the business will be discussed after undertaking the theory of small business and entrepreneurship. ... ble for developing small businesses which were started by a single person, later on other family members like sons, relatives and friends might join with the owner which results in increase in the size of business. Many famous multinational business of today had started as a small business by a single owner. These examples act as motivations for millions of people to start their own small business. Even today the small business plays a vital role in gross domestic production in developed countries like US. As per a report published in September 2010, the multinational companies in US buy goods and services from more than 6,000 American small businesses that amount to $3 billion. This represents approximately 24 percent of the total buying done in US. Thus, these small enterprises are important partners of the US multinational companies. The government policies of US are also concerned for development of small business in America. As for example, the resent agreement of $ 1 billion fo r increasing new export by US firms will boost demand for goods and services and this will benefit the SMEs. As per the data, the small businesses are responsible for 99.7 percent that is $29.6 million business in US during 2008. Almost 49.6 percent of total payroll employment done in US is offered by small business. The young small business are important for creating new jobs as small business within the age of two years are accounted for creating 25 percent of new jobs in last few years (Business Roundtable, 2010, p.1-2). Not just in developed nations, even in emerging nations, the small businesses are important for the economy like China and India. There are several factors that influence small business growth in these markets. Among these factors, socio-economic condition, availability

FINANCIAL STATEMENT RATIO ANALYSIS CASE Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FINANCIAL STATEMENT RATIO ANALYSIS - Case Study Example Financial ratio analysis is the calculation of harmonized relationship of figures that appear in the financial statements. These relationships are known as ratios and they are very useful in analyzing the financial performance and financial position of a business. The financial ratios enhance the comparison of different companies in the same industry since the financial statements alone cannot play this role due to the difference in size of businesses. These ratios measure the ability of a firm to make profit to its owners. They indicate the financial performance of a firm. The main profitability ratios are net profit margin, operating profit margin and gross profit margin. The calculation of net profit margin is (net profit/ sales) * 100%. The calculation of operating profit margin is: (operating profit margin/sales) * 100%. The calculation of the gross profit margin is (gross profit margin/ sales) * 100% (Bragg 54). These ratios indicate the level of efficiency in a business. The main management ratios are return on equity, return on assets and the inventory turnover. The calculation of return on equity is (net profit/ total equity) * 100%. The calculation of return in assets is (net profit / total assets * 100%). The calculation of inventory turnover is (inventory/ sales) * 100% (Bull 87). These ratios indicate the ability of a firm to finance its current debts using its current assets. The main liquidity ratios include; quick ratio, current ratio and the net working capital. The calculation of the current ratio is current assets/ current liabilities. The calculation of the quick ratio is (current assets - inventory) / current liabilities. The calculation of the net working capital is current assets – current liabilities. These ratios measure the going concern or the viability of a firm and its ability to meet its long-term debts. The main

Reflection of Groupwork for Self-Awareness

Reflection of Groupwork for Self-Awareness INTRODUCTION: â€Å" Coming together is a beginning Keeping together is progress working together is success.† †¦Henry Ford This report describes the successful application of reflective learning to promote critical self-awareness and improve both individual and team performance, in a group project work assessment for MSc in International Business Management at LJMU. Boyd and Fales (1983) defined reflection as: â€Å"The process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience ,which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which results in a changed conceptual perspective.† According to the suggestions of Kolb learning cycle, i.e. Reflective observation (watching) Abstract conceptualization (thinking) Active experimentation (doing) Concrete experience (feeling) The team members engaged themselves in reflective practice of â€Å"Assimilating, Organizing, Implementing and Executing† the assessment on Burberry case study. (Jennifer Annoon, 2000) GROUP WORK ANALYSIS: Many professional bodies and educational quality institutions now require that students have proven â€Å"experience of working in groups or teams† (Blease, 2006 in Kelly 2007). Hence forth we formed a group to invigilate the challenges and issues that the Trafford group was confronting. To compliment this, catholic youth council (1980) also stated that ‘when examining the relative success and failure amongst group works, the selection process may be a key variable in establishing criteria for successful group work. 1. GROUP FORMATION: For this particular assessment, the group was christened by choice and acceptance i.e. students were given the liberty to select a peer and later on were clubbed with another team to form a clique. A group becomes a team when each member is sure enough of himself and his contribution to praise the skills of the others. Initially group was formed with low level of conflicts and high level of group cohesion. The presentation was due in 3 weeks; the roles were assigned, norms were laid and work was divided as a part of group contract. Scheduled meetings were altered at regular intervals considering team members availability and preferences. The members in the group had 4 attributes namely activist, reflector, pragmatist and theorist. Honey and Mumford linked Kolbs learning cycle with the personal attributes. 4 Members A(reflector)- reviewing and observation B(theorist)- developed thought process and conclusion C(pragmatist)- applied theory in practice with the existing ideas D(activist)- application through action in a new circumstance with new ideas. 2. GROUP DEVELOPMENT Effective teamwork plays a vital role in group development. The key factors which effect the group are conflict management, personality traits, individual performance and time management Shaw and Barrett Power (1998) explained group development and the creation of a productive working /learning with the help of a model showing the effect of diversity and small group processes on performance. The model reflects that a successful group work requires open communication, symbiosis, effective conflict management discussion of strategy and the appropriate weighing of individual inputs into decisions. Bruce Tuckman (1965) developed a four stage model of group development. He labeled the stages forming, storming, norming, performing and ten years later added a fifth stage called adjourning. In the first week, our group was in the forming stage. Initially all members were confused and uncertain in assessing the assigned work. We did the ‘Big Five Locater (Kelly) personality test to assess the personality trait clusters of each individual in the team. This helped each member to analyze each other. Group contract helped us to overcome these barriers by defining the goals, establishing rules and getting acquainted to the task in hand. During the first week of discussion, time consensus was a big issue, as couple of members had their vocations. There was constant atoning of the schedule, which had spilled the beans for a conflict. However according to Maddux R.B., (1998) conflict is healthy when it causes the group to explore new ideas, test their standards and beliefs and stretch their imagination. When conflict is dealt constructively, people can be stimulated to great creativity, which will lead to a wider choice of action and better results. Another important aspec t was that the group was more into planning than execution (Schon, 1983). In the later part of the second week the group progressed well by understanding each other and got settled down as an appeased group. A whole brained approach for development and execution is an essential constituent to stimulated long term productivity (Eales-White,2005). This approach was taken by the group members by applying a variety of different learning abilities towards common objectives which was more focused and integrated, which helped in enhancing the Burberry case study. With a combination of formal and informal practices group gained a potential competitive advantage while performing. 3. CRITICAL EVALUATION AND REFLECTIONS: Group conflict is essential for a groups cohesion. It helps groups identify areas of common values; provides group stability through shared beliefs, helps to balance the difference between extreme ideologies and helps to clarify roles and structures frequently. â€Å"If managed constructively, conflict can be a strong indicator of the groups effectiveness† (Mary Holz-Clause, 1996) Issues: Time Consensus: One of the serious hurdle faced by the members during the discussions were meeting the time requirement. Although all had opined to meet on an agreed time. The attendance was really an impeding factor. There was constant atoning of the schedule which resulted in frequent feuds between the members giving rise to clouds of disharmony amid group. Cold war: â€Å"The transmission of information and exchange of meaning between two or more people is communication† and lack of which can lead to ambiguous situations, where people may differ in the reception of intended meanings (Buchanan and Huczynski ). We were initially distracted by the pall of uncertainty that was prevailing due to profuse interpersonal misconceptions. The group was deprived of amiable and cordial environment as none were gelling together. The varied attributes and behavioural differences among the members of the group proved to be significance for the meetings but at the same time, differences in ideologies and perceptions lead to clashes. Personal Commitments: Another persistent worry was the prior commitment of the members. Couple of them were employed and we found it really challenging to have their presence in the meeting during the initial stages of the discussions. They had irregular shifts which aggravated the situation furthermore. Lack of Acceptance: Members were too much into there own findings that they gave less importance to others work. REFLECTIONS: The recurring issues had to be solved and the garbage can model (Cohen, March and Olsen, 1972) was used which suggests a scenario where decisions have a random element to them. For an effective decision to be reached, the problems and solutions had to come together. Bringing them together was a challenge. Developing the ability to identify relevant problems and seeking radical solutions by bringing the right people together at the right time. In order for them to reach the sometimes radical decisions that will be needed in often turbulent environment (Ian Brooks, 1999). Conclusion REFERENCE: BROOKS, Ian and Cohen etal.(1999).Decision making.Organisational behaviour-individuals, groups and the organisation,Pearson Education.edi.5.p.32 BUCHANAN, David and HUCZYNSKI, Andrzej(2004).chapter6Communication.Organisational communication- commitment and propaganda,Pearson Education.p.207 CLAUSE Mary Holz.(1996), http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/wholefarm/html/c6- 55.html, date accessed 23/03/08

The Extinction of Penguins

Emperor Penguins have been around for millions of years. Although they are a type of bird they can not fly. They walk, slide on their stomachs, or swim. They can swim up to nine kilometers an hour. That is faster than an average person can run. Emperor Penguins can hold their breath over twenty minutes and dive over eighteen hundred feet. Another interesting fact about them is that they show no aggression towards humans. The real question is though whether or not Emperor Penguins are on their way to extinction? Some of the reasons why we may think this would be climate change, depletion in food supply, pollution, tagging, and their predators. Climate change is the reason for the Emperor Penguin population to decline by fifty percent over the past fifty years. Penguins use the ice to escape from predators, and to raise their chicks. A temperature increase of 2. 1 degrees Celsius will jeopardize forty percent of the world’s Emperor Penguins. When the ice melts before the chicks have matured and grown their waterproof feathers, chicks that are swept into the ocean are likely to die. If the ice isn’t sturdy enough to last until when the chicks are ready to head out to sea, they aren’t going to be able to raise them. The loss of sea ice for adult penguins can lead to lower food availability, which can result in increased mortality. In Antarctica an Emperor colony has declined from 250 pairs to 10 pairs since 1960, due to rapid loss of the sea ice. Since global climate change has been causing the rapid melting of sea ice, the amount of krill in the southern oceans has decreased in recent years. Krill in which many penguins feed upon, survive by feeding off the algae which forms on the underside of the sea ice. So the reduction in sea-ice which has resulted from climate change has meant there has been much less food for penguins to eat. If this continues to happen the Emperor Penguin population is going to keep on declining. Over fishing of krill, and fish is another factor in helping penguins become extinct. It is putting pressure on food chains and food availability for penguins. Industrial fisheries deplete the penguins’ food supply and entangle and drown the penguins in longlines and other destructive fishing gear. The more fish and krill being caught by humans the less food there is for penguins to be able to eat. Ocean acidification which is caused by the absorption of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the oceans is also harming penguins. Plankton is a major part of the food chain for many fish on which penguins feed. As gases are absorbed into the oceans, they become less hospitable places for plankton and other organisms to live which is less food penguins have to eat. Oil pollution kills tens of thousands of penguins annually. The oil destroys the natural water repellent on their feathers, causing the birds to become vulnerable to hypothermia. Penguins also consume the oil while trying to groom, poisoning them and causing internal organ damage. The oil also kills the penguins’ food and poisons the penguins when trying to eat contaminated fish. The banding of penguins is another issue contributing to the declining population of penguins. The first evidence that flipper bands might be causing damage to penguins came in the 1970s. Zoos reported that the bands would wound penguins’ flippers, especially during the yearly molt, when flippers enlarge. Over a ten year period, banded penguins produced thirty-nine percent fewer chicks and had a sixteen percent lower survival rate than unbanded birds. Banded penguins also had less time and energy to reproduce and care for their young because they spent more time searching for food and provisions and arrived more than two weeks late to breeding areas. The penguins wearing bands expend twenty-four percent more energy while swimming and attract the attention of predators. Rory Wilson, an ecologist at Swansea University said the extra baggage likely increased the drag penguins experienced and impaired their athletic ability.

Participant-Observer Exercise Essay

First of all, I am grateful to all class members and our instructor for the experience that I was able to acquire during this course. This is a good example of experiential learning – here we all had opportunities to transform our theoretical knowledge into real life experience. It really proved effective. I may also note that the last group engagement exercise did not disprove my previous hypotheses: with time and the experience of joint work we all got more confident about the tasks, and with the raise of confidence our productivity increased. I think we all got to know each other better and it increased the level of confidence. My hypothesis for this week is: â€Å"Group work gets real meaning and becomes more productive when group members bring in their personal insights and personal experiences instead of confining themselves to theorizing and relying on common sense. † At first, we knew each other too little to be open and share our personal experience. With time, we got to know each other better and gradually became more relaxed about sharing our thoughts. I think it had a positive impact on our performance. It helped to provide more examples of the concepts we presented. Our task was to discuss experiential learning and how it assists in exercising leadership and understanding group dynamics. We focused on several chosen principles in our presentation, and each of us was able to vitalize theory by referring to specific examples. This level of openness was quite impossible during the first exercise. Personal insights helped us all better understand theory and make a more interesting presentation. In fact, this experience once again proves Principle 9 that we discussed in our presentation: â€Å"The more supportive, accepting, and caring the social environment, the freer a person is to experiment with new behaviors, attitudes, and action theories† (Johnson & Johnson, 2009, p. 51). Since all were open and ready to introduce a personal insight, we felt the environment to be rather supportive and accepting. As a result, we felt more confident and could communicate our thoughts freely. It provided greater value to our group work and helped to fulfill our task more successfully. References Johnson, D. W. , & Johnson, F. P. (2009). Joining together: Group theory and group skills. 10th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Gun Control, Pro and Con. - 850 Words

America is the most well armed nation in the world. The reason why Americans own so many guns is because of the second Amendment, which states â€Å"The Right to Bear Arm†. This amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to have firearms. In the freedictionary.com, weapon is defined as, an instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword. There are many kinds of weapons and almost all of them are illegal to use without registration. Weapons are changing over times. Looking back from millions of years ago, Wikipedia wrote that chimpanzees are the first one to be the target of human being using those weapons such as sharp stones and spears. Since then, thousands of weapons are invented, for example, small arm guns. They†¦show more content†¦He said, â€Å"Laws that forbid the carrying of arms. Disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants; t hey serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed man.† Criminals would continue finding ways to illegally acquire guns while robbing and attacking law-abiding citizens who suddenly have no means of self-defense. The cause of mass shootings isn’t guns; it is mental health. â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† at first seems like a stupid pro-gun argument. It sounds immature, and it is much too easy for liberals to counter with, â€Å"Well, people need the guns to kill people,† which is true. The point is, we need to target the source of the problem, not the tools used. We need to talk about mental illness and how we can help provide services, resources and other support to those who need it. One mother posted her struggles with her mentally ill son onto her website titled â€Å"The Anarchist Soccer Mom.† She writes about how her son transitions between a sweet boy who loves Harry Potter and a terrifying, screaming boy who threatens to kill her. She pleads for people to realize the real problem behind massShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1225 Words   |  5 Pagesto discuss in this paper is gun control as I feel it is a hotly debated issue in the country today, especially after the incidents we have had throughout the recent years. Gun control has and probably will always be an issue that is argued for or against from all political sides, regardless, of your own beliefs one must look at the pros and cons of gun control to determine what is necessary. To address this, we must first look at the statistics on deaths involving guns and then apply the currentRead MoreGun Control: Pros and Cons1986 Words   |  8 Pages| Page(s) | 1 | Table of Content | 1 | 2 | Introduction | 2 | 3 | Gun Control: Pros (i) Disarm and Control Citizens (ii) Better Management (iii) Reduce Crime Rate and Death Rate | 3-4 | 4 | Gun Control: Cons (i) People’s Life Unsecured (ii) Women’s Safety Unguaranteed (iii) Spring Up of Black Markets (iv) Conflict with Democracy | 5-7 | 5 | Conclusion | 8 | 6 | References | 9 | Introduction: A gun is a normally tubular weapon or other device designed to discharge projectilesRead MorePros And Cons Of Gun Control1511 Words   |  7 PagesGun control is a policy that the government limits the keeping and using of guns by citizens. According to Firearms and Federal Law: The Gun Control Act Of 1968, the Gun Control Act is designed to provide support to Federal, State, and local law enforcement officials in their fight against crime and violence. (Journal of Legal Studies). Firearm is an epochal invention. But unfortunately, no matter in the past or now, guns and firearms are often misused. Therefore, gun control policy exists. InRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control875 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of gun control laws has become a prevalent topic of debate throughout American society. This debate stems from two opposing arguments over gun control. Some feel gun control laws are fair and not the contributing factor to these mass shootings, whereas, others feel that there is an urgent need for strict laws in order to end the problem of mass shootings. There are numerous pros and cons to the enforcement of stricter gun control laws but we must note a few things: stricter gun control laws wouldRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control897 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is an on going debated rather guns should be allowed or to be banned. Gun control, politics, legislation, and enforcement of measures intended to restrict access to, the possession of, or the use of arms, particularly firearms. Gun control is one of the most controversial and emotional issues in many countries, with the debate often centring on whether regulations on an individual’s right to arms are an undue restriction on liberty and whether there is a correlation between guns andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control785 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is a big topic in the United States today, a lot of people have many different opinions on this. They are usually about whether we should we have gun control or not. We should not need gun control to solve crime in the United States. We need laws, background checks and more. The conversation about gun control will continue on as long as guns are made and used. The argument about gun control is doubled sided. This means that on one side citizens want the government to have control overRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1329 Words   |  6 PagesGun control is an extremely controversial topic in America. There are many advocates of weapon control - individuals who wish to have stricter laws to keep certain groups of individuals from acquiring a gun. In any case, there are likewise the general population who cant help contradicting gun control laws and accept there ought to be a more tolerant gun control to moreover enable individuals to protect themselves amid dangerous circumstances. On the two sides of this issue, sentiments extend fromRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1474 Words   |  6 PagesGun control laws are an ongoing process that varies from location, to time of history. Throughout history different laws and regulations have been made about gun control across all continents on earth. These laws change frequently and will continue to do so till the end of time. Many people are either for or against these laws depending on their religion, moral beliefs and location. Although increasing gun control is used for the protection of citizens, it could be deemed unnecessary to many becauseRead MorePros And Cons Of Gun Control1073 Words   |  5 Pages Implementing gun control in the United States would only result in more chaos and increased rebellion from citizens who responsibly and legally own firearms. In doing so, the law-abiding citizens would be left defenseless against the criminals who continue to obtain guns illegally. Not only that, but the 2nd amendment rights of the United States Constitution would be diminished and the crime in the community would remain the same or perhaps increase. Gun control would not stop criminals from illegallyRead MorePros And Cons Of Gun Control738 Words   |  3 PagesGun control has become a huge political topic after the numerous violent killings in recent years. It has been debated whether gun control policies should be more lenient or more restrictive to best protect the American public. Many studies have been conducted in comparison to other countries that have stricter gun laws showing that crime has not dropped with increased gun control measures, nor has it affected a decline in h omicide rates. Other reports have shown that countries with more lenient